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Russian River Valley AVA
The Russian River Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in Sonoma County, California. Centered on the Russian River, the Russian River Valley AVA accounts for about one-sixth of the total planted vineyard acreage in Sonoma County. The appellation was granted AVA status in 1983 and enlarged in 2005.〔(Code of Federal Regulations. "§ 9.66 Russian River Valley." ) Title 27: Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms; Part 9 — American Viticultural Areas; Subpart C — Approved American Viticultural Areas. Retrieved Jan. 4, 2008.〕 The area generally lies between Sebastopol and Santa Rosa in the south, and Forestville and Healdsburg in the north.〔〔See map, (Russian River Valley AVA map )〕 The Russian River Valley has a characteristically cool climate, heavily affected by fog generated by the valley's proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The area is known for its success with cool climate varietals, notably Pinot noir and Chardonnay.〔Appellation America (2007). ("Russian River Valley (AVA): Appellation Description" ). Retrieved Jan. 4, 2008.〕
==Geography and climate==
Despite its name, the Russian River Valley AVA does not cover the entire Russian River Valley-which extends north into Mendocino County, California and southwest all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Originally the river continued south and emptied into San Francisco Bay but during its history, for reasons not yet understood by geologists, the river changed course.〔 The small segment of the river valley that makes up the AVA begins near Healdsburg once the river leaves the Alexander Valley region through a narrow gorge in the foothills of the Mayacamas Mountains. From there it extends south to the Santa Rosa Plains and Sebastopol and west to the towns of Monte Rio, Guerneville and Occidental. Within the boundaries of the Russian River AVA are the sub-AVAs Chalk Hill and Sonoma Green Valley.〔J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 643-644 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕 In 2003 the AVA was expanded to include south of Fulton.〔T. Stevenson, ed. ''The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia (4th Edition)'' pg 482 Dorling Kindersley 2005 ISBN 0-7513-3740-4〕
The geography of the Russian River Valley was shaped millions of years ago by collisions between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates and eruptions by volcanic vents that deposited volcanic ash over layers of eroded bedrock. This created sandstone of loam known as "Goldridge soil".〔Russian River Valley Wine Grower's Association ''"(Climate & Geography )"'' Accessed: January 25th, 2009〕 Some of the area's most respected Pinot noir and Chardonnay vineyards are planted along deposits of Goldridge soil. Near the town of Sebastopol, a different soil that is more clay based, known as "Sebastopol soil" has also shown itself to work well with Pinot noir due to its ability to retain less water than Goldridge soil.〔J. Morgan ''"(The Promised Land )"'' Wine Spectator, March 31st 1998〕 This soil was created by water flowing off the Sonoma Mountains that carried with it clay deposits. A third soil type, found close to the river, is predominately alluvial and makes up the benchland regions of the river.〔
With parts of the AVA located less than 10 miles (16 kilometers) from the Pacific, the climate of the Russian River AVA is characterized by cool morning fog that comes in from the ocean through the Petaluma Gap and burns off during the day.〔K. MacNeil ''The Wine Bible'' pg 671-672 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5〕 The cooling influence of the fog is responsible for the large diurnal temperature variation with nighttime temperatures dropping as much as 35 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit (about 20 °C) from daytime high.〔 The Russian River is a rain-fed waterway that swells in the wintertime and provides vital irrigation to the region's vineyards during the dry season in late spring. In the summertime, the warmth of the season is tempered by the maritime influence of fog that facilitates a long, slow ripening period and limits the risk of over ripeness or "baked" flavors in the grapes. Harvest in the Russian River Area often take place at later dates than in its neighboring regions.〔 The central and western reaches of the AVA are the coolest and tend to be most extensively planted with Pinot noir and Chardonnay. The eastern parts of the AVA, located near US 101 and include the sub-AVA of Chalk Hill, are the warmest areas of the Russian River AVA being the furthest away from the ocean.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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